Literary Devices Literary Devices    

Lesson 12: Simile: Birches

by Robert Frost

Performer: Librivox - Adrian Levitsky


When I see birches bend to left and right

Across the lines of straighter darker trees,

I like to think some boy's been swinging them.

But swinging doesn't bend them down to stay

Ice-storms do that. Often you must have seen them

Loaded with ice a sunny winter morning

After a rain. They click upon themselves

As the breeze rises, and turn many-colored

As the stir cracks and crazes their enamel.

Soon the sun's warmth makes them shed crystal shells

Shattering and avalanching on the snow-crust—

Such heaps of broken glass to sweep away

You'd think the inner dome of heaven had fallen.

They are dragged to the withered bracken by the load,

And they seem not to break; though once they are bowed

So low for long, they never right themselves:

You may see their trunks arching in the woods

Years afterwards, trailing their leaves on the ground

Like girls on hands and knees that throw their hair

Before them over their heads to dry in the sun.

But I was going to say when Truth broke in

With all her matter-of-fact about the ice-storm

Now am I free to be poetical

I should prefer to have some boy bend them

As he went out and in to fetch the cows—

Some boy too far from town to learn baseball,

Whose only play was what he found himself,

Summer or winter, and could play alone.

One by one he subdued his father's trees

By riding them down over and over again

Until he took the stiffness out of them,

And not one but hung limp, not one was left

For him to conquer. He learned all there was

To learn about not launching out too soon

And so not carrying the tree away

Clear to the ground. He always kept his poise

To the top branches, climbing carefully

With the same pains you use to fill a cup

Up to the brim, and even above the brim.

Then he flung outward, feet first, with a swish,

Kicking his way down through the air to the ground.

So was I once myself a swinger of birches.

And so I dream of going back to be.

It's when I'm weary of considerations,

And life is too much like a pathless wood

Where your face burns and tickles with the cobwebs

Broken across it, and one eye is weeping

From a twig's having lashed across it open.

I'd like to get away from earth awhile

And then come back to it and begin over.

May no fate willfully misunderstand me

And half grant what I wish and snatch me away

Not to return. Earth's the right place for love:

I don't know where it's likely to go better.

I'd like to go by climbing a birch tree,

And climb black branches up a snow-white trunk

Toward heaven, till the tree could bear no more,

But dipped its top and set me down again.

That would be good both going and coming back.

One could do worse than be a swinger of birches.

    Literary Devices Literary Devices    

Lesson 12: Simile: Birches

by Robert Frost

Performer: Librivox - Adrian Levitsky

Directions

Study the poem for one week.

Over the week:

  • Read or listen to the poem.
  • Review the synopsis.
  • Read about the poet.
  • Complete the enrichment activities.

Synopsis

In Robert Frost's poem, 'Birches,' the swaying of the birches in the wind reminds the narrator of climbing birch trees during their childhood. The narrator recalls how ice storms may temporarily or even permanently bend the birch trees, but do not break them. The narrator longs to leave earth and to return as a boy again so he can once again be a swinger of birches. The poem makes use of similes for dramatic effect.

Concepts

Poets often use literary devices, defined as 'rules of thumb, convention, or structure that are employed in literature and storytelling.'

The nine literary devices we'll study include:

  1. Rhyming
  2. Alliteration
  3. Similes
  4. Metaphors
  5. Personification
  6. Foreshadowing
  7. Allusion
  8. Hyperbole
  9. Onomatopoeia

Similes are figures of speech comparing two things, generally using 'like' or 'as'.

Enrichment

Activity 1: Recite Poem Information

Recite the title of the poem and the name of the poet.

Activity 2: Study the Poem Picture

Study the poem picture and describe how it relates to the poem.

Activity 3: Recite the Poem

Practice reciting the poem aloud.

Activity 4: Identify 'Like' or 'As'

Read the similes aloud.

Identify the simile clues - 'as' and 'like.'

  • The calm water reflected the trees like a mirror.
  • He was as big as a giant.
  • Her lips were as bright as pink rose petals.
  • Her eyes sparkled like amethyst.
  • His eyebrows looked like two fuzzy caterpillars.

Activity 5: Identify Alliteration

  • Review the poem and point out any instances of alliteration.
  • For example, 'One could do worse' repeats the sounds of 'w.'

Activity 6: Identify Similes

Review the poem excerpts and identify any similes.

Name the pairs of elements that the similes compare.

  • You may see their trunks arching in the woods
  • Years afterwards, trailing their leaves on the ground
  • Like girls on hands and knees that throw their hair
  • Before them over their heads to dry in the sun.
  • ...
  • And life is too much like a pathless wood
  • Where your face burns and tickles with the cobwebs
  • Broken across it, and one eye is weeping

Activity 7: Complete Book Activities   

  • Click the crayon above, and complete pages 37-39 of 'Elementary Poetry 5: Literary Devices.'

References

  1. 'Similes.' Wikipedia. Wikipedia.org. n.p.